《Operating System Concepts》学习第 12 天，p87-p94 总结，总计 8 页。

一、技术总结

1.Android

The Android operating system was designed by the Open Handset Alliance (led primarily by Google) and was developed for Android smartphones and tablet computers.

二、英语总结(生词：6)

1.elaborate

(1)elaborate: e-(“out, away”) + labor(“work”)

vi. to explain sth that you have said(详细说明，详尽阐述)。

示例：This environment, also known as Darwin, includes the Mach microkernel and the BSD UNIX kernel. We will elaborate on Darwin shortly(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 页)。

2.forego

(1)forego: fore-(“before in time, rank, position”) + go(“go to”)

vt. Forego literally means “to go before/to precede”, and envolves to mean to give up or do without(放弃，在…之前)。

示例：Additionally, an application can forego frameworks entirely and communicate directly with the kernel environment(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 页)。

3.aggressive

(1)aggress: ag-(“toward”) + gress(“to step”)

vi/vt. step toward or go toward someone, often with the intent to attack(挑衅，攻击)。

(2)aggressive: aggress + -ive(word-forming element making adjectives from verbs)

adj. show anger and wiliingness to attack other people.

示例：Similarly, the iOS kernel has been modified somewhat to address specific features and needs of mobile systems, such as power management and aggressive memory management(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 页)。

在上面这个例子中， aggressive 是一种比喻用法(figurative usage), 意思是“proactive(主动的，积极的)”。

4.stringent

(1)stringent: string(to bind(捆绑) or draw tight(拉紧)) + -ent(word-forming element making adjectives, indicating a state or quality)

adj. Stringent describes something that is extremely limited(严格的)。

示例：Additionally, iOS has more stringent security settings than macOS(《Operating System Concepts》第 88 页)。

5.to name just a few

(1)说明

也写作 to name but a few, to mention but a few。used when you are mentioning only a small number of people or things as examples of a large group

(2)示例

This is a feature of languages such as Arabic, Spanish and Portuguese, to name but a few.

6.extreme

(1)extreme: extremus(outermost, utmost, farthest)

c. the larget degree of sth

(2)at one extreme

“At one extreme” means at the extreme point(在某种极端情况下)。

关于英语的注解同步更新汇总到 https://github.com/codists/English-In-CS-Books 仓库。

三、其它

英语中的比喻用户有时候挺不好理解的，感觉也没有好的解决办法，就是多看，看多了才能更好的理解。

四、参考资料

1. 编程

(1) Abraham Silberschatz，Peter Baer Galvin，Greg Gagne《Operating System Concepts》：https://book.douban.com/subject/30272539/

2. 英语

(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com

(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org

欢迎搜索及关注：编程人(a_codists)